P2P | 03 October 2024 | 24.31 GB
圣马克西姆镇是普罗旺斯早期基督教的中心，更广泛地说，是整个法国的基督教中心。这座不朽的皇家大教堂是由安茹二世建造的，以纪念抹大拉的玛利亚。
根据古老而可敬的传统，这位在福音书中广为人知的女士，听从耶稣的命令“出去向万民传福音……”，来到普罗旺斯传福音。经过许多丰硕的岁月，她去世了，并被埋葬在今天的大教堂所在的地方——普罗旺斯艾克斯的第一任主教圣马克西姆(Saint Maximin)曾在这里建造过一个演讲厅。在1279年发现圣玛丽抹大拉的圣髑后，现在的大教堂和邻近的多米尼加修道院于1295年至1296年建造。她的坟墓成为了一个朝圣的地方，今天，人们仍然可以在大教堂的地下室里瞻仰圣玛丽·抹大拉的头骨。
这座大教堂本身据说是普罗旺斯最高的教堂，高33米，里面有许多宝藏和艺术品，证明了它的历史。其中包括由修道士让-埃斯普里特·伊斯纳德和他的侄子约瑟夫于1772年至1775年建造的巨大而宏伟的“双十六英尺”风琴。管风琴位于主入口上方的西侧画廊。它是极少数在法国大革命中奇迹般地幸存下来的法国历史风琴之一。传说，当革命者来到教堂破坏包括管风琴在内的家具时，当时的管风琴手福卡德先生在革命当局面前演奏了革命歌曲《马赛曲》。它使器官免于被摧毁。然而，多米尼加人被驱逐，由于法兰西共和国的世俗化，这个地方在一段时间内失去了其重要性。然而，在19世纪，它只是一个小乡村的“另一个风琴”，幸运的是，它没有受到当时所有现代化趋势的影响。
因此，这个风琴仍然是少数几个完整保存了Isnard原始材料的大型法国乐器之一:2960根管，除了原始的木制管(波登低音八度)仅用于展示，因为它们在最后一次重建期间被金属波登管取代。
最后一次大修是在1986年至1991年，由Yves Chabourdin先生完成的。
我们深为感谢与圣马克西姆管风琴有关的当局:加布里埃尔·里纳乌多先生、瓦姆·古萨兰夫人、皮埃尔·巴东先生、前法王、布里多诺先生、让-雅克·勒科兹和弗朗索瓦·布隆内。
进一步阅读:
大风琴。圣玛丽玛德琳圣马克西姆教堂。艾克斯普罗旺斯，2000年。
米歇尔·蒙考:圣玛丽-抹大拉大教堂和皇家修道院。艾克斯普罗旺斯，2003年。
凯恩-马丁-桑切斯:莱斯·伊斯纳德。一场革命就是一场组织的制造。艾克斯普罗旺斯，1991年。
帕特里克·拉汉的法国巴洛克音乐的注册提示。
The town of Saint Maximin was the centre of early Christianity in Provence and, more broadly, in France. The monumental royal basilica was raised by Charles II d’Anjou to the honor and glory of Mary Magdalene.
According to ancient and venerable tradition this lady, well known from the Gospels, came to Provence to preach the Good News, obeying the Jesus’ command “Go forth and preach the Gospel to all nations…”. After many fruitful years, she died and was buried where the basilica stands today – at the place where Saint Maximin, the first bishop of Aix-en-Provence raised an oratory. After the holy reliquiae of St. Mary Magdalene were found in 1279, the present basilica and the adjacent Dominican convent were constructed in 1295-1296. Her tomb became a place of pilgrimage, and the reliquary with the scull of St. Mary Magdalene can still be venerated in the crypt of the basilica today.
The basilica itself is said to be the tallest in Provence at 33 meters, and it houses many treasures and pieces of art that attest to its history. Among these is the the large and magnificent “double sixteen feet” organ built by friar Jean-Esprit Isnard and his nephew Joseph in 1772-1775. The organ is located in the western gallery above the main entrance. It is one of very few French historical organs that miraculously survived the French revolution. Legend says that when the revolutionaries came to the basilica to destroy its furniture including the organ, the organist of that time, Mr. Forcade, played the revolutionary song “Marseillaise” in front of the revolutionary authorities. It saved the organ from demolition. However, the Dominicans were expelled and the place lost its importance for some time due to the secularisation of the French republic. However, being “just another organ” in a small countryside village during the 19th century, it was fortunately saved from all the modernising tendencies of that time.
As the result, this organ remains one of the few large French instruments in which the original material made by Isnard is preserved in its entirety: 2960 pipes, except that the original wooden pipes (the bass octaves of the bourdons) are used for display only, since they were replaced with metal bourdon pipes during the last reconstruction.
The last overhaul of the organ was done in 1986-1991 by M. Yves Chabourdin.
We owe deep gratitude to the authorities concerned with the St. Maximin organ: Mr. Gabriel Rinaudo, Madame Véronique Guérin, Mr. Pierre Bardon, former titulaire de l’orgue, Mr. Bridonneau, Jean-Jacques Le Coz and Francois Blonay.
Further reading:
Les Grandes Orgues. Basilique Sainte-Marie-Madeleine Saint-Maximin-La-Sainte-Baume. Edisud: Aix-en-Provence, 2000.
Michel Moncault: The Basilica Saint Mary-Magdalene and the Royal Convent. Edisud: Aix-en-Provence, 2003.
J. R. Cain – R. Martin – J. M. Sanchez: Les Isnard. Une révolution dans la facture d’orgues. Edisud: Aix-en-Provence, 1991.
Registration tips for the French baroque music by Patrique Larhant.
