P2P | 03 October 2024 | 24.31 GB
聖馬克西姆鎮是普羅旺斯早期基督教的中心,更廣泛地說,是整個法國的基督教中心。這座不朽的皇家大教堂是由安茹二世建造的,以紀念抹大拉的瑪利亞。
根據古老而可敬的傳統,這位在福音書中廣爲人知的女士,聽從耶稣的命令“出去向萬民傳福音……”,來到普羅旺斯傳福音。經過許多豐碩的歲月,她去世了,并被埋葬在今天的大教堂所在的地方——普羅旺斯艾克斯的第一任主教聖馬克西姆(Saint Maximin)曾在這裏建造過一個演講廳。在1279年發現聖瑪麗抹大拉的聖髑後,現在的大教堂和鄰近的多米尼加修道院于1295年至1296年建造。她的墳墓成爲了一個朝聖的地方,今天,人們仍然可以在大教堂的地下室裏瞻仰聖瑪麗·抹大拉的頭骨。
這座大教堂本身據說是普羅旺斯最高的教堂,高33米,裏面有許多寶藏和藝術品,證明了它的曆史。其中包括由修道士讓-埃斯普裏特·伊斯納德和他的侄子約瑟夫于1772年至1775年建造的巨大而宏偉的“雙十六英尺”風琴。管風琴位于主入口上方的西側畫廊。它是極少數在法國大革命中奇迹般地幸存下來的法國曆史風琴之一。傳說,當革命者來到教堂破壞包括管風琴在内的家具時,當時的管風琴手福卡德先生在革命當局面前演奏了革命歌曲《馬賽曲》。它使器官免于被摧毀。然而,多米尼加人被驅逐,由于法蘭西共和國的世俗化,這個地方在一段時間内失去了其重要性。然而,在19世紀,它隻是一個小鄉村的“另一個風琴”,幸運的是,它沒有受到當時所有現代化趨勢的影響。
因此,這個風琴仍然是少數幾個完整保存了Isnard原始材料的大型法國樂器之一:2960根管,除了原始的木制管(波登低音八度)僅用于展示,因爲它們在最後一次重建期間被金屬波登管取代。
最後一次大修是在1986年至1991年,由Yves Chabourdin先生完成的。
我們深爲感謝與聖馬克西姆管風琴有關的當局:加布裏埃爾·裏納烏多先生、瓦姆·古薩蘭夫人、皮埃爾·巴東先生、前法王、布裏多諾先生、讓-雅克·勒科茲和弗朗索瓦·布隆内。
進一步閱讀:
大風琴。聖瑪麗瑪德琳聖馬克西姆教堂。艾克斯普羅旺斯,2000年。
米歇爾·蒙考:聖瑪麗-抹大拉大教堂和皇家修道院。艾克斯普羅旺斯,2003年。
凱恩-馬丁-桑切斯:萊斯·伊斯納德。一場革命就是一場組織的制造。艾克斯普羅旺斯,1991年。
帕特裏克·拉漢的法國巴洛克音樂的注冊提示。
The town of Saint Maximin was the centre of early Christianity in Provence and, more broadly, in France. The monumental royal basilica was raised by Charles II d’Anjou to the honor and glory of Mary Magdalene.
According to ancient and venerable tradition this lady, well known from the Gospels, came to Provence to preach the Good News, obeying the Jesus’ command “Go forth and preach the Gospel to all nations…”. After many fruitful years, she died and was buried where the basilica stands today – at the place where Saint Maximin, the first bishop of Aix-en-Provence raised an oratory. After the holy reliquiae of St. Mary Magdalene were found in 1279, the present basilica and the adjacent Dominican convent were constructed in 1295-1296. Her tomb became a place of pilgrimage, and the reliquary with the scull of St. Mary Magdalene can still be venerated in the crypt of the basilica today.
The basilica itself is said to be the tallest in Provence at 33 meters, and it houses many treasures and pieces of art that attest to its history. Among these is the the large and magnificent “double sixteen feet” organ built by friar Jean-Esprit Isnard and his nephew Joseph in 1772-1775. The organ is located in the western gallery above the main entrance. It is one of very few French historical organs that miraculously survived the French revolution. Legend says that when the revolutionaries came to the basilica to destroy its furniture including the organ, the organist of that time, Mr. Forcade, played the revolutionary song “Marseillaise” in front of the revolutionary authorities. It saved the organ from demolition. However, the Dominicans were expelled and the place lost its importance for some time due to the secularisation of the French republic. However, being “just another organ” in a small countryside village during the 19th century, it was fortunately saved from all the modernising tendencies of that time.
As the result, this organ remains one of the few large French instruments in which the original material made by Isnard is preserved in its entirety: 2960 pipes, except that the original wooden pipes (the bass octaves of the bourdons) are used for display only, since they were replaced with metal bourdon pipes during the last reconstruction.
The last overhaul of the organ was done in 1986-1991 by M. Yves Chabourdin.
We owe deep gratitude to the authorities concerned with the St. Maximin organ: Mr. Gabriel Rinaudo, Madame Véronique Guérin, Mr. Pierre Bardon, former titulaire de l’orgue, Mr. Bridonneau, Jean-Jacques Le Coz and Francois Blonay.
Further reading:
Les Grandes Orgues. Basilique Sainte-Marie-Madeleine Saint-Maximin-La-Sainte-Baume. Edisud: Aix-en-Provence, 2000.
Michel Moncault: The Basilica Saint Mary-Magdalene and the Royal Convent. Edisud: Aix-en-Provence, 2003.
J. R. Cain – R. Martin – J. M. Sanchez: Les Isnard. Une révolution dans la facture d’orgues. Edisud: Aix-en-Provence, 1991.
Registration tips for the French baroque music by Patrique Larhant.